DAY 6654

As you can see the burgeoning field of nanotech is an increasingly popular subject nowadays.Nanotechnology and water treatment

Good morning ladies and gentlemen. It's a pleasure and a great honor for me to be here. And today I'd like to speak to you about future of nanotechnology, specifically about its opportunities in water treatment.

As you can see the burgeoning field of nanotech is an increasingly popular subject nowadays. It is a hybrid science combining engineering and chemistry.

Atoms and molecules stick together because they have complementary shapes that lock together, or charges that attract. Just like with magnets, a positively charged atom will stick to a negatively charged atom. As millions of this atoms are pieced together by nanomachines, a specific product will begin to take shape.

The goal of nanotechnology is to manipulate atoms individually and place them in a pattern to produce a desired structure. For this scientists must be able to manipulate this individuals atoms. This means that they will have to develop a technique to grab single atoms and move them to desired positions.

In 1990, IBM researches showed that it is possible to manipulate single atoms. They positioned 35 xenon atoms on the surface of a nickel crystal, using an atomic force microscopy instrument. These positioned atoms spelled out the letters "IBM".

Imagine if we could manipulate each individual atom of an object! This will open up tremendous opportunities for us. That's the basic idea of nanotech, and many scientists believe that we are only a few decades away from achieving it.

Nanotechnology will not only expand our already impressive scientific field, but also help develop new ideas and ultra small devices that could be used for phones, computer chips, medical equipment and many other unexpected things witch will completely meet human wishes. Above this, nanotechnology could help give millions clean drinking water.

Water is essential to life. It is one of the most common substances in the universe, and our planet, with it vast oceans, is lucky to have a generous share of it. Unfortunately, seventy percent of that share is salty, and much of the rest is in form of ice at the North and South Poles.

So, we now have only 30 (thirty) percent of all freshwater on the planet that is not salty and not locked up in ice caps or glaciers. Of that, some twenty percent is in areas too remote to access and of the remaining about three-quarters comes at the wrong time and place - in monsoons and floods - and is not always captured for use by people.

The remainder, the water we can safely drink, is less then half of 1 percent of the total water on the planet. That is why every town provides water facilities. Access to water - access to health! But making modern technology accessible and affordable to the global poor is a daunting task.

A range of water treatment devices that incorporate nanotech are already on the market, with others either close to market launch or in process of being developed.

Nanofiltration membranes are already widely applied to remove dissolved salts and micro-pollutants, soften water and treat wastewater.

The membranes act as a physical barrier, capturing particles and microorganisms bigger then their pores, and selectively rejecting substances. Nanotech is expected to further improve membrane technology and also drive down the prohibitively high costs of desalination - getting fresh water from salt water.

Researches are developing new classes of nanoporous materials that are more effective than conventional filters.

Nanocatalysts and magnetic nanoparticles are other examples of how nanotechnology could make heavily pollutes water fit for drinking, sanitation and irrigation. Nanocatalysts owe their better catalytic properties to their nanosize or to being modified at the nanoscale. They can chemically degrade pollutants instead of simply moving them somewhere else, including pollutants for which existing technologies are inefficient or prohibitively expensive.

In other hand, the building of new water facilities is now less important than using what we are already have efficiently and wisely. Repairing the existing system could have huge benefits, while nanotechnology will be more explored.

Magnetic nanoparticles have large surface areas relative to their volume and can easily bind with chemicals. In water treatment applications, they can be to bind with contaminants. Researchers are developing new sensor technologies that combine micro and nanofabrication to create small, portable and highly accurate sensors that can detect single cells of chemical and biochemical substances in water.

Yet there are several risks associated with nanotechnology. Nanoparticles are so small that they may infiltrate human tissue or escape into natural environment in ways that bigger particles cannot.

Nanoparticles also have large surface areas and are therefore more chemically reactive.

Concern over such risk have led to the creation of a new field: nanotoxicology. Peer-reviewed research in nanotoxicology has grown nearly 600 percent since year 2000.

Second problem is cash investments. It is the recruitment of skilled workers, and manufacture. Nanotoxicology seems to be very exacting and require sterile room with class A. It means that it must be no more then 300 microscopic particles on meter. For example we arouse one million micro-particles in just one step!

So can nanotechnologies really help solve water problems in developing countries? There are two positive signs that they will.

First, water professionals and scientists are increasingly including local communities in dialogues to understand the problems with, and opportunities for, applying nanotechnology to water improvements.

Second, since the commercialization of nanotechnology is at an early stage, we can hope that such discussions - between researches, communities and industry - will encourage scientists and businesses to develop appropriate business models to exploit their inventions.

That is all. Thank you.




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